Pactum Lotharii
The Pactum Lotharii from 840 was a treaty between Venice and the Holy Roman Empire, which regulated the border and activities around the border.
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Marcellus — Byzantine or Venetian?
The second doge of Venice, Marcellus, might not have been a Venetian duke, but a Byzantine official.
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The Dogado and the first doges
Venice started as a Byzantine duchy, ruled by a “dux”, but at some point, they started choosing their own dux — or doge. When, or even who, is not clear.
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Paulicius — the first doge of Venice?
Was the first doge really the first? Did he even exist? And if he didn’t, why is he there? There are some serious questions about doge Paulicius (697·717) to be examined.
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The first doges — John the Deacon
The account of the election of the first three doges of Venice (Pauluccio, Marcello and Orso), from the “Istoria Veneticorum” by John the Deacon.
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Lagoon settlements in the early Middle Ages
The lagoon was settled in Antiquity, and in the 600s, there were numerous known towns, and several important cities. Venice, however, was not one of them.
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The “Istoria Veneticorum” by John the Deacon
The “Istoria Veneticorum” from around the year 1000, is the first work in the historiography of Venice.
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Chronology of major Venetian state institutions
The Venetian state was always an ad hoc construct, and institutions came and went at the convenience of the ruling elite.