La Serenissima — the utmost serene — is one of the many nicknames for Venice, and especially the Venetian Republic which existed from the late 600s until 1797.
May 12th is the anniversary of the fall of the Republic of Venice in 1797, which in many ways was a quite unique event.
Cronologia della storia veneta dall’anno 400 al 1797 inclusive, tratto da un opuscolo di Emmanuele Cicogna.
Current digs in the Piazza San Marco reveal the ancient brick pavings of the square, as we know them from paintings.
Being a citizen of the Republic of Venice could mean different things, mostly depending on the conditions of your birth
The Republic of Venice never had an actual formal constitution, much less a written constitution. Neither did it have any kind of foundational event.
The Venetian state was always an ad hoc construct, and institutions came and went at the convenience of the ruling elite.