Venice didn’t appear out of nothing – there was something before which led to the Venice we know as the Serenissima.
Venice was a republic from the beginning, but in a time when hereditary power was the norm, why did Venice become a republic and not a monarchy?
Venice was rich. The wealth came from long distance trade, which relied on the geographical position of Venice.
Recently discovered frescoes in the church of Torcello, former seat of the bishop, attest the close connections early Venice had to the Caroligian empire.