Pepin (c.773-8 10) was the second son of Charlemagne, and King of the Lombards, later King of Italy, from 781.
The “Chronicon Altinate” is one of the central medieval sources to early Venetian history, used extensively since it was written.
Translation of the parts related to Venice of the “De Administrando Imperio” (c.950) by Constantine VII Porphyrogenitus.
Venice was an independent state for almost a millennium, but it might note have been. It all hinged on a single battle fought in the Venetian lagoon in 810.