Charlemagne (748–814)
Charlemagne (748–814) was King of the Franks from 768, King of the Lombards from 774, and Roman Emperor (de facto, of the Carolingian Empire) from 800.
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War with the Franks — Chronicon Altinate
The war with the Franks, in 809, as recounted fancifully in the “Chronicon Altinate”.
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Obelerius and Beatus — Chronica per extensum descripta
The dukes Obelerius and Beatus, and the war with the Franks, from the “Chronica per extensum descripta” (1340s) by Andrea Dandolo.
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From bad to worse
The end of the Byzantine Exarchate eventually led to Charlemagne invading and conquering the Lombard kingdom. For the Venetians, it was a change for the worse.
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Annales Regni Francorum
Excerpts from the “Annales Regni Francorum” about the Venetian-Frankish conflict in 806–811, translated by René Seindal.
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Expulsion of the Venetians (c. 787)
Translation of a letter from pope Adrian I to Charlemagne, about the expulsion of all Venetians from the lands of the former Exarchate.
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The “Galbaio” dynasty
Mauricius and Giovanni Galbaio were the seventh and eighth doges of Venice. Together, they ruled the duchy for almost four decades.
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Adrian I — Liber Pontificalis
An excerpt of the “Liber Pontificalis” for Pope Adrian I related to Venice and doge Mauricius
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Chronology of the Lombard invasion
A list of some of the main events of the Lombard conquest of Byzantine Venetia and other parts of Italy.
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The “Chronicon Altinate”
The “Chronicon Altinate” is one of the central medieval sources to early Venetian history, used extensively since it was written.
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The “Historia Langobardorum” by Paul the Deacon
The “Historia Langobardorum” is the oldest chronicle relevant to the history of Venice. It probably dates to the 780s or 790s.