The demise of the Exarchate
The demise of the Exarchate of Ravenna happened over a period of several decades, from around 725 until the definitive fall of Ravenna in 751.
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Invasions of Italy in Late Antiquity
In late Antiquity the north-east of the Italian peninsula suffered many invasions. The wars caused people to move to the safer lagoon areas, and hence to the foundation of Venice.